Nano technology is all around us — in our sunscreens, our clothing, our paint, our dietary supplements and our tennis rackets. These tiny particles can be used to reinforce walls, create self-cleaning surfaces and even target cancer cells! Nanomedicine is an exciting field that holds much promise for the future, as scientists discover new and innovative ways to use small particles that have the ability to seek out very specific cells and target them for destruction. So far there have been nanoparticle leads for prostate, breast and lung cancer.

Canadian researchers at the Princess Margaret Hospital in Toronto and Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario have developed a microchip using nanomaterials that they hope will lead to a portable cancer-diagnosing device. They say the medical nanotechnology will be able to detect chemical markers indicating the presence of cancer within 30 minutes and will even be able to alert doctors to the type and severity of the cancer. So far, scientists have successfully tested the nano technology on prostate cancer patients. “The discovery by Dr. Kelley and her team offers the possibility of a faster, more cost-effective technology that could be used anywhere,” said Tom Hudson of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research.

Researchers at Wake Forest University in North Carolina are using nano technology to discover new cancer-fighting drugs. The “Lab-on-Bead” method screens millions of chemicals simultaneously, fitting 1,000 on a single strand of human hair. “This process allows the beads to do the work for you,” explains project director Jed Macosko. “By working at this scale, we will be able to screen more than a billion possible drug candidates per day as opposed to the current limit of hundreds of thousands per day.” They are using chemicals from the Université Louis Pasteur in France and, if all goes well, their findings will go commercial with nanotechnology company NanoMedica.

There are several reasons why nano technology holds such promise for the future of cancer research. For one, nanomedicine can detect molecular changes effectively — even if only a very small percentage of cells are affected. Secondly, a nano particle can actually get inside a cell, all the way down to the nucleus, to take a peek at the cell’s condition. Thirdly, clinicians will be able to run tests, without altering the cells. Lastly, the reduction of tool size allows for multiple tests to be run using one small nano device, thus making disease screening faster and more efficient.

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